Archaeologists discover ‘extremely rare’ Rameses II-era burial cave

CAIRO (AFP): Israeli archaeologists on Sunday announced the “once-in-a-lifetime” discovery of a burial cave from the time of ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Rameses II, filled with dozens of pottery pieces and bronze artefacts.

The cave was uncovered on a beach Tuesday, when a mechanical digger working at the Palmahim national park hit its roof, with archaeologists using a ladder to descend into the spacious, man-made square cave.

In a video released by the Israel Antiquities Authority, gobsmacked archaeologists shine flashlights on dozens of pottery vessels in a variety of forms and sizes, dating back to the reign of the ancient Egyptian king who died in 1213 BC.

Bowls — some of them painted red, some containing bones — chalices, cooking pots, storage jars, lamps and bronze arrowheads or spearheads could be seen in the cave.

The objects were burial offerings to accompany the deceased on their last journey to the afterlife, found untouched since being placed there about 3,300 years ago.

At least one relatively intact skeleton was also found in two rectangular plots in the corner of the cave.

“The cave may furnish a complete picture of the Late Bronze Age funerary customs,” said Eli Yannai, an IAA Bronze Age expert.

It is an “extremely rare… once-in-a-lifetime discovery”, Yannai said, pointing to the extra fortune of the cave having remained sealed until its recent uncovering.

‘Like an Indiana Jones movie’

The findings date to the reign of Rameses II, who controlled Canaan, a territory that roughly encompassed modern-day Israel and Palestine.

The provenance of the pottery vessels — Cyprus, Lebanon, northern Syria, Gaza, and Jaffa — is testimony to the “lively trading activity that took place along the coast”, Yannai said in an IAA statement.

Another IAA archaeologist, David Gelman, theorised as to the identity of the skeletons in the cave, located on what is today a popular beach in central Israel.

“The fact that these people were buried along with weapons, including entire arrows, shows that these people might have been warriors, perhaps they were guards on ships — which may have been the reason they were able to obtain vessels from all around the area,” he said.

Regardless of who the inhabitants of the cave were, the find was “incredible,” said Gelman.

“Burial caves are rare as it is, and finding one that hasn´t been touched since it was first used 3,300 years ago is something you rarely ever find,” he said.

“It feels like something out of an Indiana Jones movie: just going into the ground and everything is just laying there as it was initially — intact pottery vessels, weapons, vessels made out of bronze, burials just as they were.”

The cave has been resealed and is under guard while a plan for its excavation is being formulated, the IAA said.

It noted that “a few items” had been looted from it in the short period of time between its discovery and closure.