M K Bhadrakumar
On the first anniversary of the killing of the leader of Iran’s elite Quds Force, General Qasem Soleimani, in a targeted drone strike on January 3, 2020, that was approved by US President Donald Trump, something had to happen.
Tehran regularly insisted that the killing had not yet been avenged.
And US officials have been especially nervous lately. The US flew strategic bombers over the Persian Gulf twice in December, in a show of force meant to deter Iran from attacking American or allied targets in the Middle East.
A senior US military official confirmed that the second flight last Wednesday by two Air Force B-52 Stratofortress bombers was in response to signals that Iran may be planning attacks against US-allied targets in Iraq or elsewhere in the region in the coming days. He claimed that US intelligence had detected recent signs of “fairly substantive threats” from Iran.
However, it seems the US has been barking up the wrong tree. Iranian officials have repeatedly stated in recent days that Tehran did not intend to start a war, but had the capability to hit back hard if attacked. Indeed, a far more ominous development is unfolding.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) disclosed in a statement in Vienna on Friday, “Iran has informed the Agency that in order to comply with a legal act recently passed by the country’s parliament, the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran intends to produce low-enriched uranium up to 20% at the Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant.”
The statement noted that the communication from Iran dated December 31 “did not say when this enrichment activity would take place.”
In effect, Tehran has notified that it plans to enrich uranium to up to 20% purity, a level it had previously achieved before the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), at its Fordow site. This step was one of many mentioned in a law passed by Iran’s parliament last month in response to the killing of the country’s top nuclear scientist, which Tehran has blamed on Israel.
Exercising its rights: The 2015 deal does not allow enrichment at Fordow, which is buried inside a mountain apparently to protect it from aerial bombardment. Iran has so far only gone up to 4.5% purity in enrichment, well short of the 20% it had achieved before the JCPOA.
Make no mistake, this is a perfect storm. Strictly speaking, Iran only plans to exercise a right under the provisions of the 2015 deal to react to circumstances when one of the signatories of the JCPOA – in this case, Washington – has failed to fulfill its obligations.
Second, Tehran has notified the IAEA of its plans but its nuclear chief Ali Akbar Salehi has since clarified that the necessary orders by President Hassan Rouhani to take the required steps are still awaited.
Third, as and when the presidential directives are available, Iran plans to change the uranium gas capsule accordingly, under IAEA supervision. Salehi described his team of scientists as “soldiers of the Islamic system.” In sum, a grave situation is potentially in the making in the near future. The 2015 nuclear deal is being steadily eroded and the mindless killing of the Iranian nuclear scientist in late November has opened the pathway for Tehran to roll back the “breakout time” to produce enough fissile material for a bomb – if it decided to make one – to about two to three months from at least a year.
The IAEA’s assessment until now has been that Iran was not moving ahead with its nuclear work as fast as it could. But that may be changing now. However, while Iran has contravened many of the JCPOA’s restrictions, it is still cooperating with the IAEA and granting inspectors access under one of the most intrusive nuclear verification regimes imposed on any nation.
Having said that, the IAEA is also on record that since 2019, Iran had begun enrichment with advanced centrifuges by moving three cascades, or clusters, of advanced centrifuges to the underground plant at Fordow. In November, the IAEA said Iran had fed uranium hexafluoride gas feedstock into the first of those underground cascades.
The 2015 deal bans enrichment at Fordow, a site Iran secretly built inside a mountain, where centrifuges are allowed only for such purposes as producing stable isotopes, whereas Iran now has 1,044 IR-1 centrifuges enriching there. The “known unknown” here is that stockpiling enough fissile material is widely seen as the biggest hurdle to producing a weapon. Clearly, an untenable situation is potentially arising.
But Iran has warned of a “crushing response” to any attack by the US or Israel. Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Saeed Khatibzadeh stated on the weekend: “The regime in Jerusalem is well aware that if anyone approaches Iran’s red lines, Iran’s response will be crushing. We neither compromise nor reconcile on national security, security and national interests of Iran.
An ‘ominous legacy’: “But in the case of the US moves, we see certain mischief and signs that the movements are mischievous. We have said directly and without any concealment that the US should account for the consequences of any adventurism. We are certainly not looking for tension, but at the same time we are quite serious about defending our interests.
“We will not start anything. But our response will be decisive, absolute and firm. We hope that they will not add any more sinister things to their ominous legacy. We hope that they will finish the countdown to their expulsion from the White House in a more dignified manner. This ominous legacy is enough for the entire US history.”
Khatibzadeh stressed that Tehran had also warned regional states to take care not to be coaxed into involvement in “the plots and mischievous acts” against Iran. Indeed, the Pentagon is not taking chances. On Thursday, the day after the second flight by the B52 bomber, the Pentagon decided to return home the USS Nimitz, the US Navy aircraft carrier deployed to the Persian Gulf. However, reports on January 4 indicated the carrier would remain in position.
With two weeks to go before vacating the White House, Trump will suffer a huge loss of face if he does nothing.
But if he resorts to an act of war without congressional approval, it will not only be sedition, but could potentially have horrific consequences for American lives, apart from causing damage to Israel and the United States’ allies in the Gulf region.
As Hossein Dehqan, a senior military adviser to Iran’s Supreme Leader and former defense minister, put it, “Americans are on standby for fear of [Iran’s] revenge, and have flown two B-52 bombers over the Persian Gulf for show. All their military bases in the region are within the range of our missiles.” Trump’s much-touted “maximum pressure” against Iran has boomeranged.
