Wang Xiaobin
At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the British government sought to turn Tibet into a buffer zone between the British and Russian spheres of influence. Two steps have been taken by the British. The first is Turning Tibet as a region of China into as a vassal state of China; The second is to turningChina is a sovereign state of Tibet into a suzerainstate of Tibet. The early treaties signed by China and Britain show that before the end of the 19th century, Britain respected China’s sovereignty in Tibet and had a clear understanding of Tibet’s political status. At the beginning of the 20th century, Britain and Russia interchecked each other and compromised with each other to recognize China’s suzerainty in Tibet, thus resulting in the so-called “Tibet issue”.
After India’s independence in 1947, British forces withdrew from the South Asiansubcontinent and India inherited British privileges in Tibet. In 1954, the Chinese government cancelled the privileges of foreign power in Tibet through peaceful negotiationswith India, effectively safeguarding the unification of China. At about the same time, the US government saw Tibet as an ideological tool to contain socialist China. The U.S. Central intelligence agency actively supports separatist forces in Tibet in their activities aimed at splitting China.
In 1959, the “March 10 incident” took place in Tibet. Later the Dalai lama and his followers began their exile in India. After nearly 60 years of operation, a complex political organizational system has taken shape, with the Dalai Lama as the head, the “Central government of Tibet” (i.e., the Tibetan government-in-exile) as the center, various peripheral mass organizations and the Tibetan community in exile as the foundation. Dalai group is the combination of western anti-china forces and Tibetan separatists, according to the “Charter of exiled Tibetans” issued by the ” Tibetan parliament in exile”, the Dalai clique’s highest political program is the realization of “Tibet independence”, the goal is to damage China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. The history of the Dalai clique’s exile abroad is a history of the constant promotion of the internationalization of the “Tibet issue”. After the failure to seek “Tibet independence”, They start looking for the political appeal for “semi-independence” or “disguised independence” (that is, de facto independence rather than formal independence). This history can be roughly divided into four stages:
First, the landing stage (1959-1969). During this period, the Dalai clique set up representative offices in the US, India, Nepal , Switzerland and other countries. At the same time, with the support of some external forces, the India’s”special northeast frontier force” had been established in the border areas, and the Chushi Gangdruk (Chu-bzhi-sgang-drug，or Four water six strongholds or Kamba guerrillas) have been reorganized to carry out armed harassment over the Chinese border for a long time. During this period, 80,000 Tibetans were forced to flee across the borders of China, India, Nepal and Bhutan into the three south Asian countries. Under the precondition of greater decentralization, the Dalai clique has adopted the method of small gathered dwelling. According to different regions and sects, the Dalai clique has established more than 50 settlement areas with a total of over 70 settlements and settled about 70,000 people. Strict organization and management system is adopted to control Tibetan exiles.
Second, the snub stage (1969-1979). In 1971, USsecretary of state Henry kissinger paid a secret visit to China, during which China and the USestablished diplomatic relations. All anti-communist aid provided by the CIA to China, including aid to the Dalai clique, was terminated. In the 1970s, the two superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union were vying for world hegemony. In order to contain the Soviet Union, the Nixon administration wanted to use the power of China to contain and counterbalance the Soviet Union and gradually improve the relationship with China. The United States has withdrawn its military personnel stationed in Mustang, stopped supplying arms, equipment and materials to the two armed forces, closed the office of the United Nations relief and relief administration in Nepal, and stopped naked support for the Dalai clique. From the 1960s to the end of 1977, despite the Dalai Lama’s repeated requests to visit the United States, the latter did not want to affect its relations with China in this regard. In order to relax its relations with China, India has also restricted the political activities of the Dalai clique. In particular, “Chushi Gangdruk” entrenched in Mustang were exterminated by the Nepali army, which dealt a heavy blow to the Dalai clique. The Dalai clique is in economic trouble, which in turn generates the intention of returning to the China.
Third, the stage of resurgence (1980-2011). On the one hand, due to the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the collapse of the Soviet Union, the international communist movement entered an unprecedented low. On the other hand, the Dalai clique, taking advantage of the weak links in China’s religious work in the early years of reform and opening up, tightened control over domestic temples and staged several major riots in China. At the same time, Dalai Lama began to move around the world, using the platform provided by the United States and Europe to sell his “five-point peace plan” and “new proposal in Strausburg”. After the June 4 incident in Beijing in 1989, international anti-china forces sanctioned China and awarded the Dalai Lama Nobel peace prize. The Dalai clique has gone from being an “orphan” to a “favorite” in the international community, and is promoting the internationalization of the “Tibet issue” on an international scale. In 2008 when China hosted the international Olympic Games that the “March 14 incident” was created and a new round of “self-immolation” and other incitement activities were planned and promoted.
Fourth, the decline phase (2011-). Marked by the “political retirement” of the Dalai Lama, the Dalai clique has entered a period of decline and political decline has begun. At the same time, as the Dalai Lama is getting older, his international influence and internal cohesion are declining. However, some forces hostile to China have not given up the pace of accelerating the utilization of the Dalai Lama’s “residual value”. At the same time, his political successors, in order to gain a firm foothold in the group, establish prestige, seek to make the “Tibet issue” long-term and international, step up international activities, to promote the “Tibet issue” in the international waves.
The Dalai clique makes a living by creating separatist trouble-making. If it does not carry out “Tibet independence” for a day, they will lose their jobs, lose their spiritual support and source of livelihood, and will fight among themselves. Therefore, they try their best to avoid the marginalization of “Tibet issue”. Relevant countries want to use China’s talking to the Dalai Lama’s private representatives to contain, interfere with China’s internal affairs and diplomacy and win international public opinion. The Dalai Lama has no sincerity and knows that its unreasonable demands will not yield any results. To engage in military confrontation to carry out “violent revolution” is tantamount to striking a stone with an egg; “Non-violent non-cooperation” in China shows a lack of strength and resources. The “Administration -in-exile” believes that only talk and only “internationalization” can win international sympathy and support and maintain the “legitimacy” of its activities.
The policy of the Chinese government onTalking to Dalai Lama is consistent and correct. Some countries will not be willing to accept China’s development and prosperity. Instead, they will make every possible use of various anti-china forces at home and abroad to undermine and interfere with China’s development. But China’s peaceful developmentwill not stop there. Even the Dalai Lama’s second brother thinks they are just “table cloths” in the hands of some international forces, throwing it away after using.”Internationalization” by the Dalai clique is doomed to have no future and no way out.6
